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Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a condition where endometrial tissue that typically lines the uterus begins to grow elsewhere in the pelvis or abdomen. Monthly, this displaced tissue responds to the menstrual cycle's fluctuating hormone levels by enlarging and shrinking, just like the endometrium does, causing internal pelvic bleeding. This leads to inflammation of the healthy tissue, which can lead to scarring. The ovaries are a frequent target for endometriosis. When the ovary is affected, a fibrous cyst known as an endometrioma forms around a blood blister that has become embedded in the normal ovarian tissue.

Types of Endometriosis

There are three types of endometriosis, distinguished by their anatomical location:

• Deeply infiltrating endometriosis - This submucosal variety develops around the uterus and may spread to the bowels and bladder. A small percentage of women (1–5%) with endometriosis are affected by it.
• Endometrioma – These dark cysts are fluid-filled cysts that form deep in the ovaries. They are challenging to treat and even harmful to normal tissue.
• Superficial peritoneal lesion - This variety predominates in frequency. Lesions have developed on the peritoneum, the thin membrane that lines your pelvic cavity.

Endometriosis Symptoms

Endometriosis is characterised by pelvic pain, which is frequently triggered by menstruation. Women with endometriosis often report significantly more severe menstrual pain than is typical, even though many women report cramping during their periods. A rise in discomfort is also possible. An individual woman's level of discomfort may not be proportional to the seriousness of her illness. Endometriosis often manifests with additional symptoms, such as:

• Bloating
• Constipation
• Diarrhoea
• Painful intercourse
• Painful periods

Endometriosis Treatments

The severity of endometriosis, the level of pain experienced, and any plans for pregnancy should be all factors in developing a management strategy. Endometriosis is a chronic condition with no known cure; however, some medications can help reduce symptoms and improve quality of life. Surgery is an option for patients with more severe symptoms.